Sechigaba chinotakurika chakajairika muhupenyu hwazvino, makapu emapepa akagadzirwa nekubatanidza misimboti kubva kune akawanda maitiro, anosanganisira zvinhu zvesainzi, fluid dynamics, uye ergonomics, nechinangwa chekuwana kuenzana pakati pekushanda, nyore kushandisa, uye mutengo-kubudirira kwekuchengetedza mvura.
Kubva pakuona kwemaitiro, makapu emapepa anowanzo ratidza conical kana cylindrical muviri. Ichi chimiro chinonyatso paradzira kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura uye kunodzivirira kupeta. Iyo conical dhizaini yakanyanya kugadzikana kubata uye inoshandisa zvishoma zvinhu pane cylindrical chimiro kune imwecheteyo kugona. Nheyo yekapu inowanzoti sandara kana kuti yakati sandara zvishoma, iine mbabvu dzakasimba kana kupetwa kaviri-kupeta nzira kuti uwedzere kutakurwa-kutakura uye kudzivirira deformation kana wakabata zvinwiwa zvinopisa.
Panyaya yekusarudzwa kwezvinhu, mukati mekapu yepepa yakaputirwa ne polyethylene (PE) kana parafini wax kugadzira chinovharira mvura kudzivirira kupinda kwemvura. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza dzave kuita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwemabhaibheri anogona kuparara uye anogona kushandiswazve kamwe-magadzirirwo echinhu, sekushandiswa kwechirimwa-zvakadai sePLA (polylactic acid) kutsiva marangi epurasitiki echinyakare. Iro rekunze rakagadzirwa nechikafu-bepa regiredhi rinosangana nepressure resistance, temperature resistance, uye-toxicity standards.
Panyaya yedhizaini inoshanda, makapu emapepa anowanikwa mune tiered masimba (semuenzaniso, 80ml kusvika 500ml) akagadziridzwa akasiyana ekushandisa mamiriro. Semuyenzaniso, makapu ekofi anowanzo ane anti-mubato unopisa kana maoko kuti uwedzere nzvimbo yekubata uye kuderedza kupisa. Mamwe madhizaini anosanganisira mupendero wakatenderedzwa kuti uwedzere kunyaradza kunwa uye kusimbisa mipendero kudzivirira kubvaruka.
Uyezve, makapu emapepa anotakurika nekuda kweiyo indentations kana grooves mumuviri wemukombe, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutakura uye kuchengeta. Huremu hwavo (huremu hunosvika 3-10 magiramu pamukombe) zvinodzikisira mitengo yezvinhu, ukuwo maprototyping maitiro ekukurumidza (akadai sekucheka-cheka uye kuchenesa) zvichiwedzera kuita basa rekugadzira.
Muchidimbu, dhizaini yemukombe wepepa inoratidza kusanganiswa kwekuita uye kugona. Mafambiro emangwana anozoisa pamberi pekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzikana uye yakagadziridzwa mushandisi ruzivo.
